通义千问 API 使用手册

一、概述

通义千问是阿里云推出的大语言模型服务，提供 Qwen 系列模型的 API 访问。兼容 OpenAI API 格式，支持文本生成、对话、函数调用、长文档理解、图像理解、语音合成等能力。以超高性价比和完善的中文能力著称。

二、认证

通过阿里云 DashScope 平台管理 API Key：

Authorization: Bearer sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

API Key 在 DashScope 控制台 创建。

三、Base URL

OpenAI兼容格式：https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1
原生格式：https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/api/v1

四、模型列表

五、使用 OpenAI SDK 调用

from openai import OpenAI

client = OpenAI(
    api_key="sk-xxxxxxxx",
    base_url="https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1"
)

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="qwen-max",
    messages=[
        {"role": "system", "content": "你是通义千问助手。"},
        {"role": "user", "content": "你好！"}
    ],
    temperature=0.7,
    top_p=0.8,
    max_tokens=2048,
    stream=False
)
print(response.choices[0].message.content)

六、cURL 调用示例

curl https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions 
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $DASHSCOPE_API_KEY" 
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" 
  -d '{
    "model": "qwen-max",
    "messages": [
      {"role": "user", "content": "你好"}
    ]
  }'

七、流式输出

stream = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="qwen-max",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "写一首诗"}],
    stream=True
)

for chunk in stream:
    if chunk.choices[0].delta.content:
        print(chunk.choices[0].delta.content, end="")

八、Function Calling

tools = [{
    "type": "function",
    "function": {
        "name": "get_weather",
        "description": "获取天气信息",
        "parameters": {
            "type": "object",
            "properties": {
                "city": {"type": "string", "description": "城市名"}
            },
            "required": ["city"]
        }
    }
}]

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="qwen-max",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "上海今天天气如何？"}],
    tools=tools,
    tool_choice="auto"
)

九、多模态（图像理解）

import base64

with open("image.jpg", "rb") as f:
    img_b64 = base64.b64encode(f.read()).decode()

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="qwen-vl-max",
    messages=[{
        "role": "user",
        "content": [
            {"type": "image_url", "image_url": {"url": f"data:image/jpeg;base64,{img_b64}"}},
            {"type": "text", "text": "描述这张图片"}
        ]
    }]
)

十、超长上下文（qwen-long）

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="qwen-long",
    messages=[
        {"role": "system", "content": "你是一个文档分析助手。"},
        {"role": "user", "content": very_long_text}  # 支持百万级token
    ],
    max_tokens=4096
)

十一、定价

新用户赠送 100 万 tokens 免费额度。

十二、速率限制

十三、错误码